CIHR Projects
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Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) have immune cells that wrongfully kill clusters of cells in the pancreas called islets, which are the body's sole producers of insulin. Without insulin, the body c…
PI: Liang, Yingke
From 2019-2020, 1.4 million people died from tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Increasing incidence of drug-resistant TB, as well as the cost, d…
The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 and it's associated disease (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of deaths and deep socioeconomical impact globally. While countries such as Canada are trying to reach a lev…
Pushing RNA polymerase II transcription: How HDV might hold the key to new antiviral therapies
PI: Whelan, Marilyn
Once viruses have infected our cells, they use our cellular machinery to replicate and eventually infect new cells. But there is a catch. Transcription by our polymerase (RNAPII) is usually paused sh…
PI: Short, Spencer J
More than six million bone fractures occur in North America each year, and fracture-related infection (FRI) remains a serious risk, engendering long-term health complications. Up to 30% of skeletal t…
PI: Balint, Susan E
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted virus. The most recent South American epidemic in 2015-2016 identified several devastating effects of ZIKV infections. These i…
Evaluating Association of Environmental Factors and Socioeconomic Status on Dermatological Disease
In autoimmune disease a person's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue and in the past 30 years, the incidence has increased significantly. Interestingly the frequency varies greatly by the…
PI: Nakib, Diana
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare autoimmune liver disease that is characterized by the scarring and narrowing of the bile ducts, ultimately resulting in the retention of bile and a cont…
Discovery and characterization of CD8+ T cell antigens derived from colorectal cancer oncomicrobes
PI: Despins, Cody A
Recently, two bacteria that colonize the human intestinal tract, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), have been found to be related to the development of colo…
Upon failure of standard cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, alternative treatments are essential to cure cancer. Cancer immunotherapy, which is based on increasing the ability o…
PI: Feng, Emily
In response to viral infections, immune activation and inflammation must be tightly regulated as too little will impair clearance of an infection, however excessive immune activation can cause irrepa…
PI: Jackson, Kyle E
The proportion of Canadians suffering from chronic bowel inflammation is alarmingly increasing. One condition, termed "inflammatory bowel disease" (IBD) is particularly debilitating, affecting young …
PI: Mulloy, Rory P
A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019, and the resulting pandemic has caused global devastation. This virus causes COVID, which presents with a wide range of symptoms, as some i…
PI: Leonard, Allison
Antibiotic resistance is an ever-growing global crisis. Driving antibiotic resistance is the fact that traditional antibiotics work to kill bacteria that are causing infections. This puts pressure on…
PI: Lamothe, Gabriel
The adage that the sequel is always worse than the original has held true regarding the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. While most thought that the rollout of the vaccines would put this pandemic beh…
PI: Armstrong, Eric
African, Caribbean, and other Black (ACB) women are at a disproportionately high risk of HIV acquisition, both in Ontario and globally. This may relate in part to variation in the types of bacteria t…
Systematic genetic analysis of Candida albicans filamentation in response to elevated temperature
PI: Lash, Emma
Fungi infect billions of people and kill at least 1.5 million people per year. Candida albicans is a leading human fungal pathogen that can cause life¬ threatening disease in immunocompromised indivi…
The COVID-19 global health crisis has altered the socioeconomic and financial wellbeing of many nations. To rapidly address this problem, scientists began developing vaccines and drugs for the preven…
PI: Gordon, Calvin J
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), revealed the debilitating potential of RNA viruses in the…
PI: Mannar, Dhiraj
The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on human health, economies, and society. Through international efforts, the global scientific and healthcare community has been able to develop vacci…
In Canada, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a kind of inflammation in the small or large intestines, affected over 260000 Canadians. More importantly, it cost over 2.1 billion to the health care sys…
The heart fails when it cannot pump sufficiently to meet the needs of the body. In some patients who live with this condition, virus has been detected in the heart. While some patients can clear the …
Affecting more than 10 million people worldwide, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a slow progressive loss of a subset of nerve cells in the brain called dopaminergic neurons. More than 10…
PI: Jackson, Kyle E
The proportion of Canadians suffering from chronic bowel inflammation is alarmingly increasing. One condition, termed "inflammatory bowel disease" (IBD) is particularly debilitating, affecting young …
PI: Zhu, Danni
SLE is a complex autoimmune disease that causes long-term distress, multi-organ damage, and occasional fatality in affected individuals. It also disproportionally affects women and individuals of Afr…
PI: Victoria Ansalem, Anil Kumar
Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemic is the biggest global health crisis in recent history, resulting in over 4.5 million deaths worldwide. Covid-19 is caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2, a novel cor…
PI: Touzot, Fabien
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen derivatives produced by the cells in response to various stimuli. They are involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Prolonged ROS production…
he human body is exposed to a number of toxic insults on a daily basis. These insults can include both man-made toxins such as air pollutants and chemical pesticides as well as natural toxins that ar…
PI: Wisnovsky, Simon
All of the cells in our body are coated with different types of sugar molecules. Cells in our immune system have ways of "tasting" these sugars. Some types of sugars taste good to our immune system, …
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), or blood forming stem cells, are found in the adult bone marrow, where they are essential for the continuous production of circulating blood cells, including the cells…
PI: Wootton, Sarah
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of pathogen specific, broadly protective monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has been demonstrated to provide protection against a variety of infectious disea…
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects about 1/140 Canadians and is becoming more common. Current treatments for IBD work in many people, but are not curative and frequently have difficult side eff…
The causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, an often fatal pneumonia, is an intracellular bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, that normally grows inside amoebae and other freshwater protists. Unfort…
PI: Baron, Christian; Bui, Khanh Huy
The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes causes increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to treatments. This causes increasing cost to our health care system and leads to increased mortality a…
PI: Money, Deborah M
There are very little data on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among the 18.8 million women living with HIV (WLWH) globally, who constitute a population most vulnerable to HPV and the resultant…
PI: Biondi, Mia J; Feld, Jordan J
Over the last five years, hepatitis C virus treatment has led to the possibility of elimination in Canada. With highly effective, all-oral therapies of 8-12 weeks that are widely available, the major…
Our intestine forms a barrier to the outside world. Due to its proximity with the environment, the intestine is highly susceptible to infections and injury. The intestinal barrier is composed of a si…
PI: Banete, Andra
As of October 2021, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), has infected hundreds of million of people and c…
PI: Mukherjee, Tapas
Crohn's disease (CD), is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that adversely impacts the quality of life with severe clinical symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, bloating, fatigue and fever…
PI: Bhando, Timsy
Microorganisms residing in the gut significantly influence human health, such that sudden changes in the structure or diversity of gut microbiota has been associated with several metabolic and neurod…
PI: Milad, Nadia
The United Nations World Drug Report estimates that over 180 million individuals use cannabis with 90% of users preferring smoking as a delivery route. Cannabis smokers have a higher incidence of cou…
PI: Faught, Leslie E
A feature of many human infections is that only a proportion of exposed individuals develop clinical disease. To date, the primary research focus has been on the communicable nature of infections, an…
Unravelling the unique metabolic mitochondrial developmental features of neonatal CD4 T cells
The immune cells of newborns and adults differ in their ability to combat infectious diseases. This renders newborns susceptible to certain diseases that are not a concern to adults with fully develo…
PI: Day, Emily A
Excessive or aberrantly controlled inflammation plays a determinantal role in human health during aging and in diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases, sepsi…
PI: Theret, Marine
Beside its function as a biological barrier for infection, the immune system participates in multiple cellular process involved in tissue homeostasis during development, post-natal growth, regenerati…
PI: Longo, Joseph
Immune cells known as T lymphocytes, or T cells, are responsible for identifying and clearing infected cells from our bodies. To effectively respond to an infection, T cells require enough energy and…
Multiplexed in situ immune and metabolic characterization of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis
PI: Lam, Avery J
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes joint pain and bone destruction. It is a leading cause of disability in Canada. There is no cure, only treatments that temporar…
PI: Funk, Anna
Emerging infectious disease events, such as the current global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, are often associated with disproportionately negative health outcomes for pregnant women and infants. Significant d…
PI: Lithgow, Karen V
Preterm birth affects 8% of pregnancies in Canada and is a leading cause of infant and child death worldwide. Preterm birth can lead to severe neurological disorders and breathing problems in childre…
PI: Gilbert, Mark P
As an Applied Public Health Chair, my focus will be on developing and evaluating programs for getting tested for sexually-transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI), focusing on programs that mak…